Bright White Light through Up-Conversion of a Single NIR Source from Sol−Gel-Derived Thin Film Made with Ln<sup>3+</sup>-Doped LaF<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
White light was generated from a single silica thin film made with Yb0.75La0.2Eu0.05F3, La0.45Yb0.5Er0.05F3, and La0.75Yb0.2Tm0.05F3 nanoparticles by exciting with a single source near-infrared light (980 nm CW diode laser). Eu3+ and Tm3+ ions are responsible for red and blue emission, respectively. Er3+ ion is responsible for green as well as red emission. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the resulting light were easily adjusted by controlling the concentration of Ln3+ (Eu3+, Er3+, Tm3+) ions in the nanoparticles as well as the concentration of Ln3+-doped nanoparticles in the sol-gel thin layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".