Music Intervention for Perceived Stress Among English Education Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: This research objective was to examine the effect of music intervention on perceived stress among English education students. METHOD: Out of 200 students surveyed, 56 English education undergraduate students who were having high-stress level participated in the study. The 56 eligible participants were randomized into one of two study groups: music intervention group (n = 28) and waitlist control group (n = 28) using computer-generated random numbers. All participants completed baseline evaluation and posttests at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale. The statistical tool used for data analysis was within and between ANOVA. RESULT: There was a significant difference in perceived stress between English education students in the music intervention group and waitlisted group. Significant reduction in the level of perceived stress among English education students was observed in the music intervention group, but the waitlisted group demonstrated no significant reduction in their stress score both at 4, 8 and 12 weeks posttests respectively. CONCLUSION: Music intervention is an effective means of handling stress among English education students. Further studies are required to investigate the role of music therapy in burnout reduction among English education students in Nigerian universities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".