Incidence of dysphagia of zero-profile spacer versus cage-plate after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of dysphagia between zero-profile spacer versus cage-plate for the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). METHODS: The authors searched electronic databases for relevant studies that compared the clinical effectiveness of zero-profile spacer versus cage-plate for the treatment of patients with multilevel CSM. The following outcome measures were extracted: the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, Neck Disability Index (NDI) score and fusion rate, dysphagia rate, adjacent segment degeneration, and cervical lordosis. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the quality of each study. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted, and RevMan 5.2 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Our pooled data revealed that zero-profile spacer was associated with decreased dysphagia rate at postoperatively 1, 3, and 6 months, and the final follow-up when compared with cage-plate group. No significant difference was observed in terms of postoperative JOA score, NDI score, and fusion rate. Compared with zero-profile spacer, the postoperative adjacent segment degeneration was significant higher in cage-plate. Pooled data from the relevant studies revealed that cervical lordosis was significantly lower in zero-profile spacer compared with cage-plate. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis reveals zero-profile spacer is better than the cage-plate in terms of dysphagia. This suggests zero-profile spacer is a superior alternative invention for the treatment of multilevel CSM to reduce the risk of dysphagia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.020 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".