Concentration-Dependent Near-Infrared to Visible Upconversion in Nanocrystalline and Bulk Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the upconversion properties of nanocrystalline and bulk Y 2 O 3:Er 3+ as a function of the erbium concentration (1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 35 mol %). Following excitation with 980 nm, upconverted emission is observed from the 2 H 11/2, 4 S 3/2, and 4 F 9/2 excited states to the 4 I 15/2 ground state centered at 525, 550, and 660 nm, respectively. As the dopant concentration is increased, the upconverted luminescence revealed not only an overall increase in intensity but also an enhancement of the red ( 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) emission with respect to the green ( 2 H 11/2, 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) emission. A cross-relaxation process is involved in populating the 4 F 9/2 state, which bypasses the green-emitting states. Blue upconversion, observed in bulk Y 2 O 3:Er 3+ only, also showed a concentration dependence. The population of the 2 P 3/2 state was achieved through a three-step phonon-assisted energy-transfer process.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it