Assessment of drug and poison information centers in Saudi Arabia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Drug Information Centers (DICs) and Drug and Poison Information Centers (DPICs) in Saudi Arabia are pharmacy-based departments that provide drug information services for prescribers and or public. We sought to evaluate their current role in handling poisoning cases.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of all DICs and DPICs in Riyadh and included 17 potential respondent centers. We developed a brief questionnaire with nine questions about DICs and DPICs resources.Results: The response rate was 82%. Most responding centers provide service only during daytime hours. Three provide services on weekends, and five have staff on-call after business hours. Handling poisoning cases is not available in five centers and found to be minimal among all other centers.Conclusion: DICs and DPICs provide limited poison information services in Saudi Arabia. In accord with the current Vision 2030 reform effort, establishing comprehensive poison control center services is a necessity for the health care system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".