Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is expressed in α‐cells from human and murine pancreas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The pancreatic islets of Langerhans, mainly formed by glucagon-producing α-cells and insulin-producing β-cells, are critical for glucose homeostasis. Insulin and glucagon oppositely modulate blood glucose levels in health, but a combined decline in insulin secretion together with increased glucagon secretion contribute to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Despite this bi-hormonal dysregulation, most studies have focused on insulin secretion and much less is known about glucagon secretion. Therefore, a deeper understanding of α-cell metabolism and glucagon secretion is of great interest. Here, we show that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), an essential cataplerotic enzyme involved in metabolism and long considered to be absent from the pancreatic islet, is expressed in pancreatic α-cells of both murine and human. Furthermore, PCK1 transcription is induced by fasting and diabetes in rat pancreas, which indicates that the PCK1 activity is required for α-cell adaptation to different metabolic states. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence implicating PCK1 expression in α-cell metabolism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".