A Search of TESS Full-frame Images for a Simultaneous Optical Counterpart to FRB 181228
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract FRB 181228 was detected by the Molonglo Synthesis Radio Telescope (MOST) at a position and time coincident with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations, representing the first simultaneous multiwavelength data collection for a fast radio burst (FRB). The large imaged field of view of TESS allows a search over the uncertainty region produced by MOST. However, the TESS pixel scale of 21″ and the full-frame image (FFI) cadence of 30 minutes is not optimal for the detection of a fast optical burst (FOB) with a possible millisecond duration. We search the TESS FFIs and find no events with a limiting TESS magnitude of 16, assuming a 30 minute event duration, corresponding to an optical flux density upper limit of approximately 2000 Jy for a ∼1 ms signal duration, assuming no signal loss. In addition, the cosmic-ray mitigation method for TESS significantly reduces its sensitivity to short-timescale transients, which we quantify. We compare our results to the predictions of Yang et al. and find that the upper limit is a factor of 2000 higher than the predicted maximum optical flux density. However, we find that if FRB 181228 had occurred in the galaxy thought to host the nearest FRB detection to date (37 Mpc), an FOB may have been detectable by TESS. In the near future, when the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment and Australian SKA Pathfinder will detect hundreds to thousands of FRBs, TESS may be able to detect FOBs from those rare bright and nearby FRBs within this large population (if more sophisticated cosmic-ray excision can be implemented).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".