Crosslinked Hydrogel Capsules for Cell Encapsulation Formed Using Amino/Betaine Dual-Functional Semibatch Copolymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Robust hydrogel capsules consisting of calcium alginate beads with shells reinforced via crosslinked amino/betaine copolymers of N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM) with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) are described. These capsules are designed to support future use in immunoisolation of therapeutic cells for transplant purposes. The poly[APM-co-MPC] copolymers were prepared by semibatch free radical copolymerization to reduce the significant compositional drift and the resulting diffusional spread within alginate beads, observed for analogous batch copolymers. Fluorescent labeling was used to track copolymer distribution within the alginate hydrogels. Semibatch copolymers led to better shell confinement and lower cationic charge density on the capsule surface. Three reagents were used to covalently cross-link the resulting poly(amino/betaine) shells: cationic tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), charge-neutral genipin and anionic partially hydrolyzed poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMM50). Genipin-crosslinked capsules were found to be remarkably robust in pipet aspiration tests. Selected capsules were exposed to FITC-labeled bovine serum albumin to assess the relative degree of protein adhesion, as a proxy for immune recognition; genipin crosslinked capsules were found to have very low levels of BSA binding and good mechanical robustness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".