On the moments of torsion points modulo primes and their applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Let [Formula: see text] be the group of [Formula: see text]-torsion points of a commutative algebraic group [Formula: see text] defined over a number field [Formula: see text]. For a prime [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], we let [Formula: see text] be the number of [Formula: see text]-solutions of the system of polynomial equations defining [Formula: see text] when reduced modulo [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is the residue field at [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the number of primes [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. We then, for algebraic groups of dimension one, compute the [Formula: see text]th moment limit [Formula: see text] by appealing to the Chebotarev density theorem. We further interpret this limit as the number of orbits of the action of the absolute Galois group of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] copies of [Formula: see text] by an application of Burnside’s Lemma. These concrete examples suggest a possible approach for determining the number of orbits of a group acting on [Formula: see text] copies of a set.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".