Strategies of integration, identity and belonging among Portuguese emigrant descendant returnees from France and Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines negotiations of identity and belonging within the context of Portuguese emigrant descendants’ return to Portugal. Findings are based on semi-structured interviews with 42 individuals from two source countries: Canada and France. Empirical analysis focuses on the individual’s sense of self as defined by their post-diasporic lives, delving into processes of identity negotiations and breaking down the construction of a sense of belonging. Results reveal that processes of integration frequently hold obstacles derived from clashes with Portuguese society’s ways of being and acting. Disillusionment with the ‘inner workings’ of Portuguese society and disenchantment brought about by social differentiation and the not always warm welcome on the part of the local population lead returnees to become more aware of their ‘dual allegiances’. The ‘hyphen’ many returned to Portugal thinking they would finally do away with, in the end, ends up becoming just as accentuated at it was in the pre-return.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".