Tyrosine Phosphorylation as a Widespread Regulatory Mechanism in Prokaryotes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphorylation events modify bacterial and archaeal proteomes, imparting cells with rapid and reversible responses to specific environmental stimuli or niches. Phosphorylated proteins are generally modified at one or more serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. Within the last ten years, increasing numbers of global phosphoproteomic surveys of prokaryote species have revealed an abundance of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. In some cases, novel phosphorylation-dependent regulatory paradigms for cell division, gene transcription, and protein translation have been identified, suggesting that a wide scope of prokaryotic physiology remains to be characterized. Recent observations of bacterial proteins with putative phosphotyrosine binding pockets or Src homology 2 (SH2)-like domains suggest the presence of phosphotyrosine-dependent protein interaction networks. Here in this minireview, we focus on protein tyrosine phosphorylation, a posttranslational modification once thought to be rare in prokaryotes but which has emerged as an important regulatory facet in microbial biology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".