Arabinogalactan protein–rare earth element complexes activate plant endocytosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Due to the vital role for eukaryotes, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) has attracted increasing attention, but great challenges still stand. Here, by overcoming the biggest challenge in CME research, we visualized the dynamic of extracellular cargo receptor protein by using stimulated emission depletion microscopy. We identified an unconventional mechanism for extracellular cargoes, here specifically rare earth elements (REEs). We showed that arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) act as extracellular cargo receptors and move across the plasma membrane to initiate endocytosis. REEs promote the cross-membrane translocation of its extracellular cargo receptor AGPs to activate their endocytosis. Our data thus provide insights into the mechanism for the activation of CME, the biological role of AGPs, and the cellular mechanisms of REE actions in plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".