The Impact of European Economic Integration on North America: Adjustment Versus Radical Change
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of European integration on North American interests in political, security and economic terms, much more modest ambition is to examine post–Cold War era transatlantic economic relations in the final stages of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Uruguay Round. The European Community (EC) jurisdiction at the time is reserves only for the member states’ external trade policy, Canadian and US commitments to European security were linked to their respective, overwhelmingly economic, diplomacy with Brussels. The EC, increasingly intent on exercising its own diplomatic role, was receptive to Ottawa’s overtures on formalizing and intensifying bilateral ties. The tangled economic, political, military and social events in Europe in forced a cautious reassessment of the respective approaches of the United States and Canada towards Europe. The vital interests of Canada, the US, and Mexico are at stake since an economically viable, non–protectionist Europe will continue to be in their individual and collective interests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".