Thladiantha dubia (Cucurbitaceae) in the Republic of Bashkortostan as a Dangerous Weed with High Invasive Potential
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Thladiantha dubia Bunge is a perennial herbaceous climbing liana from Cucurbitaceae family, which is found naturally in the Russian Far East (mainly in the south of Primorsky krai) and beyond in Northeastern China and on the Korean Peninsula. T. dubia is cultivated for decorative purposes, but owing to the ability to rapidly reproduce by underground tubers, it often turns into a dangerous weed. T. dubia is common in Russia, as well as in Japan, Europe, the United States, and Canada. We have found and studied large invasive populations of T. dubia in several villages of the Republic of Bashkortostan, in an area of 60 km north of the city of Ufa. In this area, it is known exclusively as a dangerous and hard-to-eradicate weed; it appeared here in the 1970s and continues to propagate rapidly by pieces of tubers during mechanical soil treatment. By artificial reproduction of T. dubia plants by small pieces of tubers in laboratory conditions, a very high capability of vegetative reproduction of this plant was revealed. Comparative RAPD and ISSR analyses of samples from the natural population of T. dubia from Primorsky krai of the Russian Federation and its invasive population from the Republic of Bashkortostan showed genetic differences between the analyzed populations, which can be a reflection of the formation of an aggressive form of this plant in the secondary range. From the data we have received and from the literature, it follows that T. dubia species needs to be classified as a weed with a high invasive potential, and therefore, during its cultivation, all necessary measures should be taken to exclude its distribution in natural biocoenoses and agroecosystems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".