Chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Onopordum acanthium L. crude oil and defatted metal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, the seed oil from Onopordum acanthium.L and methanolic extract of the defatted meal were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect and antioxidant potential.The phenolic composition of the defatted meal was determined with RP-HPLC-UV and tocopherols levels in the crude oil were also assessed.Overall, the methanolic extract exhibited the best amount of total phenolics and flavonoids content (78.06±0.55mg GAE/g on DW basis and 20.38±0.21mg RE/g on DW basis, respectively).Seven phenolic compounds were identified with cinnamic acids as the major components (67.2%) and epicatechin was the dominant flavan-3-ol.Additionally, three individual tocopherols were determined and α-tocopherol was the main isomer (914.8±0.02mg/kg).Data of antioxidant performance showed superior antioxidant capacity in methanol extract.Moreover methanolic extract from defatted seeds was more active towards HepG2 cancer cells than the crude oil(IC 50 of 44.05±3.54µg/ml)and showed less cytotoxicity towards AML12 normal hepatocytes in comparison to doxorubicin indicating at least some tumor-specific action.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".