Abstract 120: Radiocarbon Birth Dating of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The chronological development of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is controversial. Atmospheric nuclear testing until 1963 produced a global bomb-pulse of 14 C and thus a chronometer of molecular synthesis in the entire biosphere from 1955 to the present. We isolated and dated a durable, representative structural protein from human cerebral arteries (CA) and brain AVMs. Method: Samples from cadaveric CAs or from brain AVMs from patients undergoing surgical resection were processed to ultra- purify elastin. The age of purified elastin extracted from cerebral arteries or from AVMs was measured using 14 C bomb-pulse technique. We modified a 14 C biological incorporation equation model using variable AVM formation dates and elastin formation and degradation rates. Results: A total of 62 CAs from individuals with ages ranging from 1 month to 100 years and 30 unruptured or ruptured AVMs were collected. All CAs and nearly all AVMs yielded ultra-purified elastin in sufficient amount for further 14 C birth dating. Mean age of elastin was 13.4± 11.2 years (n = 34), whereas elastin derived from AVMs was less than 5 years old (n = 15, p = 0.002). Based on 14 C content relative subject birthdate and date of tissue collection, best-fit modeling of CA and AVM elastin demonstrated turnover rates less than 2% and 25 - 50%, respectively. Amongst AVMs, those with associated aneurysms had younger elastin (p=0.007). Larger AVMs tended to have younger elastin (p=0.086) and AVM rupture was not associated with elastin age (p=0.358). Conclusions: Our data provides the first chronological evidence for the longevity of elastin in CAs, as evident based on the inclusion of bomb carbon in elastin from subjects who reached maturity prior to 1955. Importantly it also demonstrates elastin isolated from brain AVMs is contemporary and likely immature suggesting a non-congenital origin and/or rapid vascular turnover.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".