Understanding the relationship between transformational leadership and collective teacher efficacy in Chinese primary schools
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to understand the relationship between transformational leadership and collective teacher efficacy in the Chinese primary school context using quantitative research methods. This article also examines the transferability of transformational leadership and its effects in a high power distance culture. The main research question is, ‘To what extent can transformational leadership explain the variance in collective teacher efficacy in Chinese primary schools?’ The results of path analysis show that managing the instructional program has a significant effect on group competence (a dimension of collective efficacy) and that setting direction affects another dimension of collective efficacy, task analysis. When collective teacher efficacy is treated as a single variable, setting direction and managing the instructional program have relatively significant effects on collective teacher efficacy. This study adds to the literature on the relationship between transformational leadership and collective teacher efficacy in the Chinese primary school context. It advances knowledge of educational management and facilitates the understanding of cross-cultural leadership phenomena.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".