The effects of embryonic incubation temperature on subsequent development, growth, and thermal tolerance through early ontogeny of white sturgeon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An organism’s phenotypic characteristics can be altered by environmental variations experienced during embryonic development. These changes can persist into adulthood. Increasing global temperatures are a current concern that may be particularly acute for species already threatened or endangered, such as the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Given scant information on the effects of early embryonic temperatures on subsequent physiological parameters such as thermal tolerance, development, and growth in this species, the effects of global climate change on the future of white sturgeon populations is uncertain. To address this, white sturgeon embryos were incubated at 12, 15, and 18 °C until hatch, after which fish were reared at a common 15 °C for 80 days post-hatch. I conducted acute thermal tolerance tests through early ontogeny to determine how relative thermal tolerance (CTmax) changed and differed during this period while also sampling and evaluating various morphometric characteristics to determine the effects of embryonic temperatures on growth and development. Embryonic incubation at 12 °C with subsequent rearing at 15 °C increased larval development rate, growth rate, and the development of thermal tolerance; however, once developed CTmax averaged 29.9 for all embryonic rearing temperatures. For white sturgeon, embryonic temperatures appear to have discernable effects on growth and development up to 80 days post-hatch but not on thermal tolerance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".