Multi-technique Geophysical Investigation of a Very Slow-moving Landslide Near Ashcroft, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia have the potential to adversely impact vital national railway infrastructure and operations, the natural environment, cultural heritage features, communities, public safety and the economy. To better manage geohazard risks in the primary national transportation corridor, government agencies, universities and railway industry partners are focusing research efforts on the Ripley Landslide, 7 km south of Ashcroft. The internal composition and structure of this very slow-moving landslide as revealed by geophysical surveys and terrain mapping provides contextual baseline data for interpreting slope stability monitoring results and guiding geohazard mitigation efforts. Terrestrial and waterborne geophysical surveys were undertaken using subsets of the following methods: electrical resistivity tomography, frequency electromagnetic conductivity, ground penetrating radar, primary-wave refraction and multispectral analysis of shear-waves, natural gamma radiation, induction conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. Small and irregular anomalies, areas of complex subsurface geometry and groundwater-rich zones are resolved along all terrestrial geophysical survey lines. Terrain mapping and geophysical surveys indicate a high relief bedrock sub-surface overlain by a 10 m to >30 m thick package of complex fine-grained sediments containing groundwater. Planar sub-surface features revealed in surface exposures, borehole logs and geophysical profiles include tabular bedding and terrain unit contacts. Profiles also show discrete curvilinear features interpreted as rotational-translational failure planes in clay-rich beds in the main body of the slide beneath the rail ballast and retaining wall. Integrating data from surficial geology mapping and an array of geophysical methods provided significantly more information than any one technique on its own.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".