Parametric study of impact parameters on peak head acceleration and strain for collision impacts in sport
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Collisions are a common cause of concussions. The nature of a collision impact is governed by the velocity of the striking players and the body parts involved. The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of velocity, mass, surface stiffness and location on peak linear and angular acceleration and strain.A variable-mass pendulum fitted with simplified impact surfaces representing the stiffness of an unprotected head, a protected (helmet) and a well-padded (i.e. shoulder pad) condition were used to impact a Hybrid III headform at four locations and velocities. Headform accelerations were input into a finite-element model to approximate peak strain in the cerebrum.Stiffness was most influential on peak linear and angular acceleration, and strain was most influenced by velocity. Interaction effects demonstrated that the 9 kg mass had consistently higher peak linear and angular acceleration and strain than the 15 kg mass between 3.0 and 4.5 m/s. Mass and velocity interactions may have important implications for age and size related concussion risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".