<p>Synergism of cationic antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 with antibacterial agents against biofilms of multi-drug resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em></p>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: The activity of the cationic antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 was evaluated against planktonic cells and biofilms of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae , alone and in combination with classical antimicrobial agents. Methods: Control American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains and MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae were utilized. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of WLBU2 alone and in combination with antimicrobials were determined by classical methods. The Calgary biofilm device was used to determine the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). The MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of agents on eukaryotic cells. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to evaluate the ability of WLBU2 to bind bacterial DNA. Results: The WLBU2 MIC and MBC values were identical indicating bactericidal activity. The MIC/MBC values ranged from 1.5625 to 12.5 μM. At these concentrations, Vero cells and human skin fibroblasts were viable. The MBEC of WLBU2 ranged from 25 to 200 μM. A significant loss of eukaryotic cell viability was observed at the MBEC range. The combination of sub-inhibitory concentrations of WLBU2 with amoxicillin-clavulanate or ciprofloxacin for K. pneumoniae , and with tobramycin or imipenem for A. baumannii , demonstrated synergism, leading to a significant decrease in MIC and MBEC values for some isolates and ATCC strains. However, all combinations were associated with considerable loss in eukaryotic cells’ viability. WLBU2 did not demonstrate the ability to bind bacterial plasmid DNA. Conclusion: WLBU2 in combination with antimicrobials holds promise in eradication of MDR pathogens. Keywords: antimicrobial peptide, synergy, combination therapy, biofilm, multi-drug resistance, bacteria
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it