Melanin: A Greener Route To Enhance Energy Storage under Solar Light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of technologies integrating solar energy conversion and energy storage functions is critical for limiting the anthropogenic effects on climate change and preventing possible energy shortages related to the increase of the world population. In our work, we explored the possibility to integrate the conversion and storage functions within the same multifunctional biosourced material. We identified the redox-active, quinone-based, melanin pigment, featuring a broadband absorption in the UV-vis region, as the ideal candidate for such an exploration. Electrodes of melanin on carbon paper were investigated for their morphological, optical, and voltammetric characteristics prior to being assembled into symmetric supercapacitors operating in aqueous electrolytes. We observed that, under solar light, the capacity and capacitance of melanin electrodes significantly increase with respect to the dark conditions (by 22 and 39%, respectively). Once in a supercapacitor configuration, besides featuring a Coulombic efficiency close to 100% after 5000 cycles, the capacitance and capacity of the electrodes, rated by the initial values, improve after prolonged illumination, as it is the case for the energy and power density.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".