Observed long-term differential settlement of metro structures built on soft deposits in the Yangtze River Delta region of China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the measured differential settlements of five metro lines built on soft deposits were analyzed. The different structural combinations at various characteristic locations in the metro lines were examined, including at 67 joints of stations and tunnels, 55 connecting passage locations, 4 wind well locations, and at 3 joints of U-shaped grooves and adjacent structures. Moreover, the differential settlement between the track slabs and the bridge piers of a 16.57 km long elevated structure was analyzed. The results showed that the settlements of ∼85% of the stations were less than those of adjacent shield tunnels, and the settlements at the connecting passages of ∼73% of the tunnels were greater than those on either sides of the tunnel. The wind well exhibited lower settlement than its adjacent tunnels. The settlement of the U-shaped groove was greater than that of its adjacent elevated structure, but was less than those of the cut-and-cover and shield tunnels. Approximately 86% of the track slabs exhibited arch deformation, and the settlements of the bridge piers were greater than those of the track slabs. The stiffness transition between the different structures should be considered in the design of metro structures on soft deposits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".