Phenotypic and functional changes in gamma delta T lymphocytes from HTLV-1 carriers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), which is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to gradual loss of motor movement as a result of the death of spinal cord cells through immune mediated mechanisms. The risk to develop HAM/TSP disease positively correlates with the magnitude of HTLV-1 proviral load. Gamma-delta T lymphocytes have been recognized as important players in a variety of infectious diseases. Therefore, we have investigated interactions between HTLV-1 infection and γδ T lymphocytes during HAM/TSP. Similar frequencies of total γδ T lymphocytes and their Vγ9δ2+ and Vγ9δ2neg subpopulations were observed in HAM/TSP patients. However, T lymphocytes obtained from HTLV-1 carriers displayed significantly higher rates of spontaneous proliferation and NKp30 expression when compared to cells from uninfected donors. In addition, an important decrease in the frequency of granzyme B+ γδ T lymphocytes (approximately 50%) was observed in HAM/TSP patients. Higher proportion of IFN-γ+ γδ T lymphocytes was found in HTLV-1-infected patients, which positively correlated with the HTLV-1 proviral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Collectively, our data indicates that HTLV-1 infection leads to phenotypic and functional changes in the population of γδ T lymphocyte population, suggesting that HTLV-1 infection modulates functions associated to these cells, which might be involved in controlling the infection or in the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".