Winter‐Season Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions in Subtropical Climate: Impacts of Pig Slurry Injection and Nitrification Inhibitor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Controlling nitrogen (N) losses from pig slurry (PS) is a challenge under no‐till because amendments are left on the soil surface. We investigated the potential of shallow injection of PS, with and without addition of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), to abate gaseous ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in winter crops in subtropical soils. Injection was compared with surface broadcasting of PS, with and without DCD. The significance of winter season on annual N2O emissions was assessed. Injecting PS reduced NH3 volatilization compared with surface application. However, this reduction was partly offset because N2O emissions increased by 77% (+1.53 kg N2O‐N ha−1) when PS was injected. Adding DCD to injected PS reduced N2O emission below levels of surface‐broadcast PS without the inhibitor, indicating that DCD may be a management option when injecting PS. Compared with a reference urea treatment, PS without DCD increased cumulative N2O emissions 5.7‐fold (from 613 to 3515 g N2O‐N ha−1) when injected, and 3.2‐fold (from 613 to 1980 g N2O‐N ha−1) when surface applied. Adding DCD significantly reduced emissions with injected PS, whereas reduction was not always significant with surface‐applied PS. Nitrous oxide emissions during the winter cropping season contributed 30 to 44% of annual emissions, indicating that controlling gaseous N losses in that season is required to reduce the environmental footprint of the whole cropping system. Overall, combining PS injection with DCD was an efficient practice for reducing winter‐season gaseous N losses from no‐till soils under subtropical climate. Core Ideas Winter‐season NH3 and N2O were measured after pig slurry additions to no‐till soils. N2O emissions during the winter season contributed 30 to 44% of annual emissions. Shallow injection of pig slurry reduced NH3 volatilization but increased N2O emissions. DCD added to pig slurry more than offset the increase in N2O emissions with injection. Pig slurry injection combined with DCD reduces gaseous N losses in subtropical soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".