Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of the World-Class Canadian Malartic Gold Deposit: Genesis of an Archean Stockwork-Disseminated Gold Deposit in the Abitibi Greenstone Belt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Canadian Malartic low-grade bulk tonnage gold mine (total production and reserves of 303.3 t or 10.7 Moz at 0.97 g/t) is located in the Archean Abitibi greenstone belt, immediately south of the crustal-scale Larder Lake-Cadillac fault zone. The deposit is predominantly hosted in clastic metasedimentary rocks of the Pontiac Group and, to a lesser extent, in subalkaline porphyritic quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite. The quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite yielded syn-Timiskaming U-Pb ID-TIMS zircon ages of 2677.8 ± 1.5 and 2678.4 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. The ore, which is characterized by a Au-Te-W-S-Bi-Ag ± Pb ± Mo metallic signature, mainly consists of quartz-carbonate vein stockworks and replacement zones with disseminated pyrite. The ore zones are dominantly oriented subparallel to a NW-striking S2 foliation and to the E-striking and S-dipping Sladen fault, thus forming NW-SE and E-W mineralized trends. In both the sedimentary rocks and the quartz monzodiorite, the proximal and distal alteration zones are characterized by the presence of calcite and ferroan dolomite, respectively. In the sedimentary rocks, the ore zones show a wide distal biotite alteration halo with proximal assemblages made up of albite and/or microcline with pyrite. The quartz monzodiorite comprises a distal hematite-bearing alteration zone that is overprinted by proximal microcline + albite + quartz + pyrite replacement zones. The metallic signature of the ore, the presence of mineralized stockworks, the potassic alteration (biotite/microcline), and an association with ca. 2678 Ma porphyritic intrusions suggest the possibility of an early, syn-Timiskaming magmatic-hydrothermal auriferous event in the area. However, this study indicates that gold mineralization and its distribution at Canadian Malartic are largely controlled by D2 deformation and related features such as faults, shears, and high-strain zones. Of particular importance are the S2 cleavage developed in the hinge zone of F2 folds, and the Sladen fault. Molybdenite from high-grade ore yielded a Re-Os age of 2664 ± 11 Ma that is compatible with a syn-D2 timing for the bulk of the mineralization. The main characteristics of the Canadian Malartic deposit are thus best explained by a syndeformational event (D2; ca. 2670–2660 Ma) potentially superimposed onto a gold-bearing magmatic/hydrothermal intrusion-related system associated with Timiskaming-age porphyritic intrusions emplaced along the crustal-scale Larder Lake-Cadillac fault zone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".