Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy by Paramedics During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Feasibility Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides continuous real-time measurement of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) during resuscitation. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of paramedics using NIRS during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation. Paramedics were trained to record rSO2 and mark events during resuscitation. Feasibility was defined as > 70% of cases with rSO2 data and event markers. The monitor was applied on 23 patients with OHCA. Of these, 19 (83%) had rSO2 data (median duration of 17.9 minutes; interquartile range, 9.7-28) and 17 (74%) had event markers (median 3 events per case; interquartile range, 1-4). It is feasible for paramedics to apply NIRS during OHCA resuscitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".