Role of Two Irrigation Water Sources in Composing Weed Flora of Bean Fields in Erzincan Province
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many weed species are accidently introduced to new regions and some of them become component of natural flora. In order to identify invasive weed species in Erzincan Province and to determine the influence of agricultural practices on the distribution of weed flora; two sources of irrigation water [spring (4 fields) and canal (5 fields)] were compared in 1999. In spite of 29 weed species were recorded in bean fields irrigated by canal water, 18 weed species were identified in bean fields irrigated by spring water. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), pale smartweed (Polygonum lapathifolium L.), garden anchusa (Anchusa azurea Miller) and jerusalem goosefoot (Chenopodium botrys L.) were only recorded in the fields receiving spring water. Likely, spreading pigweed (Amaranthus graecizans L.), prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson), common heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum L.), turnsoler weed (Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Rafin.), puncture vine (Tribulus terrestris L.), little love grass (Eragrostis minor Host.), russian thistle (Salsola kali L.), goat’s beard (Tragopogon sp.), swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum L.), prickly parsnip (Echinophora tenuifolia L.), yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr.), wild morning-glory (Convolvulus galaticus Rostan ex Choisy), sophora (Sophora alopecuroides L.), russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.) and ribseed sandmat (Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small) were found in the fields irrigated by canal water. The most frequently recorded weed species in canal water irrigated fields were common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Perss.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum L.), rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv) and lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.). Similarly, venice mallow (H. trionum), lamb's quarters (C. album), redroot pigweed (A. retroflexus), common purslane (P. olarecea), bermuda grass (C. dactylon), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv), field bindweed (C. arvensis) and barnyard grass (E. crus-galli) were the most commonly observed weed species in spring irrigated bean fields. It is concluded that different sources of irrigation water can exert significant effects on the composition of natural weed flora at regional scales. Therefore, proper management options must be employed keeping in view the sources of irrigation water used in a particular region
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".