Absolute Value Layered ACO-OFDM for Intensity-Modulated Optical Wireless Channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Both enhanced unipolar orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (eU-OFDM) and layered asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (LACO-OFDM) are among the most spectrally efficient modulation techniques for intensity modulated links that layer multiple non-negative signals. In this paper, we propose absolute value layered asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ALACO-OFDM) which further improves the spectral efficiency while using a smaller number of layers and no direct current (DC) bias. In ALACO-OFDM, asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) signals are sent at the first L layers and absolute value optical OFDM (AVO-OFDM) is used for the remaining subcarriers and transmitted simultaneously. Analysis indicates that ALACO-OFDM achieves higher spectral efficiency and smaller peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to eU-OFDM, LACO-OFDM and asymmetrically clipped absolute value optical OFDM (AAO-OFDM). Monte Carlo simulation results also indicate that ALACO-OFDM achieves significant bit error rate (BER) performance gains compared to its counterparts at the same spectral efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".