Multifunctional Optoelectronics via Harnessing Defects in Layered Black Phosphorus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Layered black phosphorus (BP), a promising 2D material, tends to oxidize under ambient conditions. While such defective BP is typically considered undesirable, defect engineering has in fact been exploited in contemporary materials to create new behaviors and functionalities. In this spirit, new opportunities arising from intrinsic defect states in BP, particularly through harnessing unique photoresponse characteristics, and demonstrating three distinct optoelectronic applications are demonstrated. First, the ability to distinguish between UV‐A and UV‐B radiations using a single material that has tremendous implications for skin health management is shown. Second, the same device is utilized to show an optically stimulated mimicry of synaptic behavior opening new possibilities in neuromorphic computing. Third, it is shown that serially connected devices can be used to perform digital logic operations using light. The underpinning photoresponse is further translated on flexible substrates, highlighting the viability of the technology for mechanically conformable and wearable systems. This demonstration paves the way toward utilizing the unexplored potential offered by defect engineering of 2D materials for applications spanning across a broad range of disciplines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".