Development of Novel Wheat-Rye Chromosome 4R Translocations and Assignment of Their Powdery Mildew Resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important gene donor for wheat improvement because of its many valuable traits, especially disease resistance. Development of novel wheat-rye translocations with disease resistance can contribute to transferring resistance into common wheat. In a previous study, a wheat-rye T4BL·4RL and T7AS·4RS translocation line (WR41-1) was developed by distant hybridization, and it was speculated that its resistance to powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), was derived from rye based on pedigree analysis. To make accurate use of chromosome 4R in wheat improvement, a set of new 4R translocations involving different arm translocations (e.g., 4RS monosomic, 4RL monosomic, 4RL disomic, 4RS monosomic plus 4RL monosomic, 4RS monosomic plus 4RL disomic, and 4RS disomic plus 4RL disomic translocations) was developed from crosses with common wheat. Those translocations were characterized by genomic in situ hybridization and expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat marker analysis. To confirm the source of powdery mildew resistance, the translocation plants were tested against Bgt isolate E09. The results indicated that all translocations with 4RL were resistant at all tested growth stages, whereas those with only 4RS translocation or no alien translocation were susceptible. This further indicated that the powdery mildew resistance of WR41-1 was derived from the alien chromosome arm 4RL. To effectively use 4RL resistance in wheat improvement, two competitive allele-specific PCR markers specific for chromosome arm 4RL were developed to detect the alien chromosome in the wheat genome. These new translocation lines with diagnostic markers can efficiently serve as important bridges for wheat improvement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".