C-Band and O-Band Silicon Photonic Based Low-Power Variable Optical Attenuators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate low-power and broadband variable optical attenuators (VOAs) on the silicon photonics platform. The VOAs are based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure. Different variations were fabricated using electron beam lithography using different input and output couplers, heater length and width, operating wavelength, and substrate undercut. Experimental results for the C-band VOA show that, including the substrate undercut, a 3X improvement can be achieved in the power consumption, at the expense of a reduction in electrical bandwidth, where 5- and 20-dB attenuation can be achieved using only 5.5 and 8 mW. Moreover, the VOA can operate over more than 80-nm optical bandwidth with ripples below 1 dB. Furthermore, we study the impact of the heater dimensions on the optical attenuation and VOA bandwidth. Finally, we present similar results for an O-band VOA design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".