C-Band and O-Band Silicon Photonic Based Low-Power Variable Optical Attenuators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate low-power and broadband variable optical attenuators (VOAs) on the silicon photonics platform. The VOAs are based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure. Different variations were fabricated using electron beam lithography using different input and output couplers, heater length and width, operating wavelength, and substrate undercut. Experimental results for the C-band VOA show that, including the substrate undercut, a 3X improvement can be achieved in the power consumption, at the expense of a reduction in electrical bandwidth, where 5- and 20-dB attenuation can be achieved using only 5.5 and 8 mW. Moreover, the VOA can operate over more than 80-nm optical bandwidth with ripples below 1 dB. Furthermore, we study the impact of the heater dimensions on the optical attenuation and VOA bandwidth. Finally, we present similar results for an O-band VOA design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".