East-West Economic Relations and Soviet-East European Economic Relations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter discusses comprehensive but concise survey of some of the most important developments and outstanding issues in East-West and in Soviet–East European economic relations. It examines factors responsible for the rapid expansion of East-West economic relations in the early 1970s and the extent and forms of those relations. The chapter considers reasons for the subsequent loss of momentum in the mid-1970s in the further development of East-West relations. It analyzes some implications for Soviet–East European economic relations The chapter discusses the nature, problems and prospects of Soviet-East European "economic integration" in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. For political reasons on both sides, East-West economic relations were severely limited during the Cold War that soon followed the period of military cooperation of the USSR with the United States, Canada, and Great Britain during World War II. All the Eastern countries found that the benefits just mentioned justified an expansion of their economic relations with the West.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".