Impact of relativity on particle localizability and ground state entanglement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Can a relativistic quantum field theory be consistently described as a theory of localizable particles? There are many known issues with such a description, indicating an answer in the negative. In this paper, we examine these obstructions by tracing how they (partially) subside in passing to an approximation of ordinary quantum mechanics in the non-relativistic regime. We undertake a recovery of the characteristic features of non-relativistic quantum mechanics beyond simply the Schrödinger equation. We find that once this is achieved, there are persisting issues in the localizability of particle states. A major focus is on the lingering discrepancy between two different localization schemes in quantum field theory. The non-relativistic approximation of the quantum field theory is achieved by introducing an ultraviolet cutoff set by the Compton scale. The other main undertaking of this paper is to quantify the fate of ground state entanglement and the Unruh effect in the non-relativistic regime. Observing that the Unruh temperature vanishes in the naive limit as the speed of light is taken to infinity motivates the question: is the Unruh effect relativistic? It happens that this is closely related to the former issues, as ground state entanglement causes obstructions to localizability through the Reeh–Schlieder theorem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".