Bioactive Compounds of Ganoderma lucidum Activate the Defense Mechanisms of Soybean Plants and Reduce the Severity of Powdery Mildew
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely used in Eastern countries and currently in global scale. Its fruiting body and mycelium are composed by polysaccharides, triterpenes and more than 200 secondary metabolites. These compounds exhibit a range of bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumorigenic, antibacterial and antifungal action. Several scientific publications have demonstrated the potential and performance of G. lucidum compounds in the control of diseases in animals and humans. However, there is a lack of information on the effect of their compounds on the phytopathogens control, whether directly or by activating plant defense mechanisms. In the search of new molecules that has induced activity and disease control, this study was aimed to evaluate the bioactive compounds produced by G. lucidum through liquid culture under elicitation to control powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) in soybean plants. The compounds tested were: C01-distilled water, C02-copper oxychloride (1 L ha-1), FC01-filtered mycelial growth of G. lucidum without elicitation, FC02-G. lucidum filtration of lignin elicitation and FC03-G. lucidum filtration from SA elicitation. The upper part of the plant was sprayed at 20 % (v/v) concentration and 10 mL per plant were applied. All data were analyzed using R® software. The Ganoderma filtrates have shown the induction of resistance potential in soybean plants by the activation of phytoalexins, activation of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, increase of phenolic compounds, peroxidases and chitinase activity, such induction has specificity in relation to time activation and association with elicitors. New studies should be considered, seeking to identify and isolate the active principles present in the filtrates, as well as to evaluate the action of these substances in other pathosystems of agricultural interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".