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Record W2963190675

Symbolic regression by random search

2019· preprint· en· W2963190675 on OpenAlex
Sohrab Towfighi

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenuearXiv (Cornell University) · 2019
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicEvolutionary Algorithms and Applications
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSymbolic regressionHyperparameterGenetic programmingRandom searchMathematicsRegressionStatisticsBinary numberRegression analysisRandom forestComputer scienceAlgorithmArtificial intelligenceArithmetic
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Purpose: To compare symbolic regression by genetic programming (SRGP) with symbolic regression by random search (SRRS), a novel method for symbolic regression described herein. Methods: We limit our problem space to N binary trees, m terminals and n functions, then use a dense enumeration of full binary trees to perform uniform random sampling from the set of all permitted equations. We compare a single basic configuration of symbolic regression by genetic programming with symbolic regression by random search using 1000 randomly generated problems. We perform a hyperparameter search with 50 randomly generated symbolic regression problems and 198 randomly generated hyperparameter configurations, examining the performance of SRGP against SRRS. Results: For the single configuration experiment, SRGP outperformed SRRS in 49.0% of problems, random search was best in 26.2% of problems, and there was a tie in 24.8% of problems. Of the cases that were not tied, genetic programming was best in 65.6% of experiments (99% CI, [60.7%, 69.2%]). Of the cases that were not tied in the hyperparameter search, SRGP was best in 44% (99% CI, [41%, 48%]) of cases. The average random configuration of SRGP performs worse than does SRRS.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.910
Threshold uncertainty score0.980

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.051
GPT teacher head0.202
Teacher spread0.151 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it