CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN ELDERLY AND OLD PATIENTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nearly 13% of the elderly and old population experience psychosomatic pain that is not regarded as a response to irritants. Diagnosis and treatment of the postoperative pain in old and elderly patients may be complicated by chronic pain or somatic diseases. The aim of this work was to study clinical characteristics of the postoperative pain in old and elderly patients. Materials and methods. This study based on analysis of 99 cases of the perioperative period. Patients were divided into groups by age: the 1st group included individuals aged 18-59 years, the 2nd group included individuals over 60 years. The influence of age, type of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia on the character and severity of pain was determined by questioning and clinical comparison. The Visual Analogue Scale and the McGill questionnaire were used to assess the pain intensity. Results and their discussion: the elderly patients demonstrated higher scores of the affective component to surgical intervention; moreover, the direct relationship between the affective and evaluative components and the indirect correlation of the sensitive component of pain with age was found out. There have been established the significant direct links between postoperative pain and its components in elderly people with the level of pain before surgery, intrathecal anaesthesia, and vascular surgery. Conclusions: in the elderly, in contrast to the younger individuals, the level of postoperative pain is more pronounced. The initial level of pre-operative pain in these patients definitely influences the level of postoperative pain. Simultaneously, the postoperative pain in the elderly is due to the greater lability of all the components of pain, with the prevalence of affective and evaluative components. The persistence of pain in the postoperative period is typical for elderly people who underwent vascular interventions and intrathecal anaesthesia. In the context of the conventional tactics of postoperative pain relief in the elderly people, the strength and the characteristics of the pain are more significantly intense relatively to those in younger patients that require an improvement in the tactics of pain management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".