Morphological Characteristics of Safflower Seedlings Under Compaction Levels in a Clayey Latosol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil compaction levels on initial development of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius). The experimental design was 2 × 2 × 6, composed of two sowing seasons (May and June 2017), two genotypes (IMA-2103 and IMA-4409) and six levels of soil density (1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 g cm-3), with three replicates. After 30 days of planting, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, mean time of emergence and mean speed of emergence were analyzed. Among the morphological characteristics, plant height, stem diameter, root length, shoot and root fresh mass, shoot dry mass and number of healthy and wilted leaves were evaluated. The compaction states did not significantly interfere in the emergence of the safflower seedlings that were sown in the uncompacted surface layer. As soil compaction increased, root length, shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass and root fresh mass were reduced in both genotypes. Soil density considered critical to safflower root growth was 1.3 g cm-3. The IMA-4409 genotype, in relation to IMA-2103, was more tolerant to soil compaction levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".