Nuclear Norms or Fluid Families: Incorporating Lesbian and Gay Parents and Their Children into Canadian Family Law
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As the number of children born into lesbian and gay families increases, custody and access disputes between same-sex parents, and between lesbian mothers and gay sperm donors, have begun to emerge. These cases raise fundamental questions about the meaning of family, the definition of legal parentage, and the regulation of the gay and lesbian communities. Amongst academics, and even within the lesbian and gay communities themselves, there are diverging views on how these cases should be dealt with. For example, should law reform in this area be geared towards protecting the 'homo-nuclear' family unit or will recognizing multiple parents and a wide range of family forms more adequately meet the diverse needs of same-sex families? Closely related to this question is the issue of whether any law reform efforts, particularly those dealing with the status and rights of known sperm donors, can be removed from the highly gendered atmosphere which currently pervades Canadian family law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.024 | 0.034 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".