Multi-Layer Cold Spray Coating: Strain Distribution
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we report the effect of multi-layer cold spray deposition on the residual stress formation in the coating and substrate. A method is proposed to separately measure the thermal and mechanical residual stresses induced in cold spray coating. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were employed for in situ monitoring of the strain evolution during the cold spray of multi-layer coating Al7075-Zn on AZ31B Magnesium substrates. Utilizing the capability of the FBG sensors in recording both thermal and mechanical strain gradients, first the effect of temperature on the substrate was investigated when the sample was only treated under carrier gas temperature. Then, the sensors were employed to evaluate the mechanical strain behavior of substrate during the coating process and cooling. Therefore, the effect of thermal mismatch on inducing mechanical strains was observable during the process. Finally, the interaction between the peening process of cold spray and thermal mismatch after cooling was studied. It is shown that the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) plays a critical role in residual stress development in the substrate and consequently affects the mechanical properties of the coated sample. Hence, careful selection of layers in multilayer deposition can provide desired residual stress in the coating and substrate.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it