Ethics/Virtues and Consequences: An Exploratory Study of Regional Small Businesses in Developed and Emerging Countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research examines the ethics of Australian, Canadian, and Sri Lankan regional small businesses (Regional-SBs) in terms of how they perceive their duties to society, customers, employees, and the environment. A questionnaire compares the stated ethics of Regional-SB entrepreneurs with their preferences and with firm and entrepreneur attributes. We then analzye the long-term effects of ethics by regressing firm ethics and key attributes against the perceived level of financial difficulty and firm age. The lack of clear divides in East-West or gender ethics may be an artefact of the education system. A key finding of this study is that, while Regional-SBs in Australia, Canada, and Sri Lanka have a strong, consistent understanding of civic duties and duties to customers, they appear to have a poor and uneven understanding of duty to employees and of environmental duty. Future research can extend this topic by evaluating what influences Regional-SB ethical choices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".