Effect of thermal boundary condition on forced convection from circular cylinders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Researchers commonly assume that the effect of constant temperature and constant heat flux thermal boundary condition on forced convection from a circular cylinder is negligible. Such claim was assessed using Computational Fluid Dynamics for Reynolds number, Re, ≤ 3,000. The flow was directly solved without modeling for Re ≤ 300, and Large Eddy Simulation was used for Re = 1,000 and Re = 3,000. Constant property simulations were done for Prandtl number of 0.7. Fluid dynamics parameters: drag coefficient, Strouhal number, separation angle and recirculation length, were used to assess the accuracy of the simulations. The main parameter of interest, the Nusselt number, is higher locally for constant heat flux than constant temperature for 60 ≤ Re ≤ 3,000. In addition, the ratio of overall Nusselt number for constant heat flux to that for constant temperature increases for Re < 30 and is ∼1.15 between 30 ≤ Re ≤ 3,000, showing that thermal boundary condition has significant effect on heat transfer from circular cylinder. Finally, the study developed empirical correlations relating overall Nusselt number to studied Reynolds number range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".