Analytical electrolyzer enabling operando characterization of flow plates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present an analytical electrolyzer with sensors embedded within flow plates to enable direct measurement of electrolyte temperatures and pressures in real time during water electrolysis. Flow plates with either parallel or serpentine channels and a total of eight equally spaced sensors were integrated into a flow cell containing a nickel foam gas diffusion layer and an anion exchange membrane. The temperature and pressure of the electrolyte in the channels increase relative to the inlet by as much as 7.3 °C and 11.5 kPa, respectively, during electrolysis at an applied current density of 200 mA cm−2. The measured increases in temperature and pressure differ depending on the flow plate geometry: A greater increase in temperature is observed in parallel flow plates, whereas the serpentine flow plate geometry results in greater variability in pressure. This work represents the first demonstration of an analytical flow cell capable of spatially resolved operando temperature and pressure sensing within the flow channels of a water electrolyzer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".