Three-Dimensional Micro CT Derived Morphology of the Condylus mandibulae in Older Adults: Implications for Clinical Dentistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multi-etiologic disability, accompanied by a wide range of symptoms, requiring a variety of therapies, with TMJ reconstruction considered the most severe.TMJ surgery is associated with many morbidities and limitations, especially in the elderly.Previous studies have determined the shape and dimensions of the Condylus mandibulae in children and adults, but a range of measurements in the elderly population has yet to be created.This study aims to establish a range of measurements and the morphology of the Condylus mandibulae in an older population using micro CT. 14 cadaveric Condylus mandibulaes (8 male, 6 female; average age, 83±8.6) were scanned with microCT and measured using Amira 4.1.1modeling software.The anteroposterior length (LAP), mediolateral width (WML) and height (H) of each Condylus mandibulae was measured from 5 equidistant slices in the coronal, sagittal and axial planes.Additionally, each Condylus mandibulae was measured at its greatest anteroposterior length, mediolateral width and height using digital callipers on the cadaveric specimen.This study is the first to accurately describe the morphology of the Condylus mandibulae in an elderly population.The length and width measurements of digital calliper (10.51 ± 0.87; 18.33 ± 2.35) and corresponding micro-CT (11.46 ± 1.60; 17.62 ± 2.05) both showed high consistency and reliability.Our findings lay the foundation for the creation of an off-the-shelf Condylus mandibulae prosthesis or anatomically shaped Condylus mandibulae scaffold for elderly patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".