Bibliographic record
Abstract
Irving Layton was born near Neamtz, Roumenia, on 12 March 1912, into a Jewish family. His original name was Israel Lazarovitc, of which he decided to retain only the initials. In 1913 the family moved to Montreal, where Layton lived until 1969, when he moved to Toronto. He completed his studies at McGill University, from which he obtained a master’s degree in economics and political science in 1946. His first book of poems, Here and Now, appeared in 1945. Since then he has published about fifty volumes of poetry, ten short stories, and more than eighty articles and reviews. Recently he has published a first collection from his voluminous orrespondence. In 1983 he decided to return to his “old stumping ground” in Montreal, where his biographer, Elspeth Cameron, leaves him “fallen asleep with his knees up to his chest”(461). (As late as July 1992, Layton, almost eighty and not in good health, was still living in Montreal, well taken care of by Annette Pottier, his young fifth wife.) Irving Layton was born near Neamtz, Roumenia, on 12 March 1912, into a Jewish family. His original name was Israel Lazarovitc, of which he decided to retain only the initials. In 1913 the family moved to Montreal, where Layton lived until 1969, when he moved to Toronto. He completed his studies at McGill University, from which he obtained a master’s degree in economics and political science in 1946. His first book of poems, Here and Now, appeared in 1945. Since then he has published about fifty volumes of poetry, ten short stories, and more than eighty articles and reviews. Recently he has published a first collection from his voluminous orrespondence. In 1983 he decided to return to his “old stumping ground” in Montreal, where his biographer, Elspeth Cameron, leaves him “fallen asleep with his knees up to his chest”(461). (As late as July 1992, Layton, almost eighty and not in good health, was still living in Montreal, well taken care of by Annette Pottier, his young fifth wife.)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.074 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".