Particle acceleration at, and gamma-ray emission from supernova remnants in chemically enriched media
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Supernova remnants often evolve in material with high abundance of heavy elements such as carbon or oxygen. Hadronic collisions in these enriched media spawn the production of secondary particles such as gamma rays, neutrinos, and secondary electrons with spectra that cannot be scaled from those calculated for pp collisions, potentially leading to erroneous results. We used Monte-Carlo event generators to calculate the differential production rate of secondary particles such as gamma rays, neutrinos, and secondary electrons for H, He, C, and O nuclei as projectiles and as target material. The cross sections and the multiplicity spectra are separately computed for each of the 16 combinations of projectile and target. We describe characteristic effects in the form and normalization of spectra.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it