Lipid‐derived monoamide as phase change energy storage materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the major shortcomings of current organic phase change materials (PCMs) is their relatively low melting points, typically below 80°C, which limits their integration into thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The present work was aimed at developing lipid-derived PCMs with increased melting points which would be suitable for TES applications requiring higher melting points without compromising other key properties such as enthalpy. The introduction of an amide group into the structure of linear saturated fatty acids was used as a means to increase intermolecular interactions and therefore crystallization and melting points. A series of six linear monoamides with differing chain length and symmetry about the amide group were investigated for thermal stability, thermal transition, flow behavior, and crystal structure to establish the structure-property relationships relevant to TES. The presence of the highly polar amide group in the aliphatic fatty acid–derived molecules resulted in notable improvement in performance compared with the analogous monofunctional molecules: Increases in melting points (79°C-96°C) and high enthalpies of fusion (155-201 J/g) were recorded. Fundamental relationships between structure, processing, and macroscopic physicochemical properties, never before elucidated, were revealed in the study. The study revealed a step-like variation of macroscopic properties: a surprising outcome of the competition between intermolecular attractions, symmetry effects, and mass transfer limitations. The predictive structure-function relationships established in this work will allow the straightforward engineering of monoamide architectures that can extend the range of organic PCMs and deliver thermal properties desirable for TES applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".