Time to Flourish:Temporal Perspective and Well-Being Across the Lifespan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little research is available on a balanced time perspective in older age. Balanced time perspective consists of using both one’s personal past and anticipated future to a relatively high degree. This study investigated the relationship of balanced time perspective with age, mental health, personality, and wisdom using the Balanced Time Perspective Scale (BTPS). Persons high on both past and future subscales of the BTPS are termed ‘time expansive’ (balanced); persons low on past and future ‘time restrictive’; ‘reminiscers’ are high on past but low on future; ‘futurists’ low on past but high on future. 512 Dutch adults (17–92 years) completed the BTPS and questionnaires on mental health, personality, and wisdom. As predicted, persons in the time expansive category scored higher on all three dependent measures. Less older than younger or middle aged adults are in the time expansive category. Implications are discussed within a lifespan perspective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".