Hydrolysis Kinetics of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in Ionic Liquids and Cellulase Integrated System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are developing as potential solvents in lignocellulose solvation, which enables cellulase accessibility into the substrate. Nevertheless, ILs could result in enzyme deactivation because of the high polarity. Therefore, developing a system of ILs-compatible cellulase (IL-E) to promote lignocellulose conversion into sugars is a challenge in ILs applications. This study used an IL-E to attain high conversion yield of sugars from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). Cellulase (Tr-Cel) from Trichoderma reesei was stable in the ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate [EMIM]DEP and choline acetate [Cho]OAc. The inhibition and deactivation of cellulase were evaluated using the model substrate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and EFB as a lignocellulosic material to assess the hydrolytic activity. The enzyme kinetics revealed that [Cho]OAc acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor. Additionally, [EMIM]DEP may not be considered as an inhibitor as it increases the Vmax and does not significantly affect the KM. In both cases, the study proved that IL did not result in a severe loss of cellulase activity, which is a promising outcome for one-pot hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".