Aqueous Corrosion of Deformed Steel Under Simulated Diluted Bitumen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of predeformation on corrosion of ASTM A106B pipeline steel exposed to 1.7 mM sodium chloride droplets covered by simulated diluted bitumen was evaluated. The microstructures of ASTM A106B pipeline steel with and without predeformation were examined by electron backscatter diffraction and optical microscope. Corrosion of pipeline steel under the chloride droplet covered by simulated diluted bitumen for 5 min was studied with and without predeformation using scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion was initiated at the surface of ASTM A106B pipeline steel after 5 min of exposure. The predeformation increased the number of pits initiated at the steel surface and the number of partially dissolved inclusions. Scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the corrosion of the specimens with and without prior deformation after 24 h of exposure to an oil-covered droplet. The corrosion products coalesced and formed a small circular ring which deviated from the geometric center of the droplet. The diameters of the circular rings for the unbent and pre-bent specimens were 2.371±0.125 mm and 2.465±0.046 mm, respectively; the distances between the circular ring centers and droplet centers were 0.599±0.124 mm and 0.620±0.190 mm, respectively. The average corrosion penetration of the predeformed specimen was 1.18±0.09 times higher than that of the specimen without predeformation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".